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- CRN https://crn.sarota.dev/tag/ulga/ CRN.pl to portal B2B poświęcony branży IT. Dociera do ponad 40 000 unikalnych użytkowników. Jest narzędziem pracy kadry zarządzającej w branży IT w Polsce. Codziennie nowe informacje z branży IT, wywiady, artykuły, raporty tematyczne Wed, 23 Feb 2022 20:03:28 +0000 pl-PL hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.6.2 Ulga dla programistów https://crn.sarota.dev/artykuly/ulga-dla-programistow/ Tue, 15 Mar 2022 08:15:00 +0000 https://crn.pl/?p=273144 Naczelny Sąd Administracyjny rozstrzygnął ważną dla wielu programistów kwestię sporną ze skarbówką.

Artykuł Ulga dla programistów pochodzi z serwisu CRN.

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O uldze IP Box zrobiło się głośno w 2019 r., kiedy weszła w życie. Może się wydawać, że została stworzona dla programistów, ponieważ stosując ją, obniżamy podatek z tytułu sprzedaży praw autorskich do oprogramowania do 5 proc. Zastosowanie ulgi nie jest jednak tak proste, jak mogłoby się wydawać. Zdało sobie z tego sprawę również Ministerstwo Finansów, gdyż po kilku miesiącach od jej wejścia w życie wydało obszerne, liczące 86 stron objaśnienia. Niestety, aby obniżyć swój podatek nie wystarczy sprzedawać oprogramowanie. Trzeba przede wszystkim prowadzić działalność badawczo-rozwojową, o której mowa w przepisach dotyczących ulgi.

Jak z niej korzystać?

W pierwszej kolejności należy zaopatrzyć się w interpretację indywidualną. Jej celem jest głównie zabezpieczenie opisanego stanu faktycznego. Bardzo ważne są również pytania, które kierujemy do organu. Najważniejszą bowiem kwestią jest określenie, czy podatnik prowadzi działalność badawczo-rozwojową. Niestety, uzyskanie wartościowej interpretacji od dłuższego czasu jest bardzo trudne.

Przekonało się o tym wiele osób zainteresowanych ulgą. Organ odpowiedzialny za jej wydanie – Krajowa Informacja Skarbowa – rzuca kłody pod nogi programistów na etapie ubiegania się o nią, wskazując, że to podatnik musi jasno zadeklarować, że prowadzi działalność badawczo-rozwojową. W zależności od tego, do jakiej delegatury trafi nasz wniosek, możemy się spotkać z zupełnie innym rozstrzygnięciem. Mało tego. Odmienne rozstrzygnięcia są wydawane nawet w obrębie jednej placówki i tego samego urzędnika. Ciężko więc przewidzieć, jak potoczy się sprawa po przesłaniu i opłaceniu wniosku.

Pytanie pułapka

Gdy zdecydujemy się wziąć udział w nierównym starciu z Krajową Informacją Skarbową, musimy liczyć się z tym, że po mniej więcej dwóch miesiącach otrzymamy listę pytań, które mają doprecyzować stan faktyczny. Część z nich może i owszem, odnosi się do prowadzonej działalności, jednak zdecydowana większość to pytania o to, czy prowadzimy działalność B+R. Jak się okazuje, można je postawić na wiele sposobów, a kreatywność urzędnika nie zna granic.

Standardowe wezwanie liczy około 15 pytań, z czego nawet połowa to typowe pułapki. Gdy wskażemy, że prowadzimy działalność badawczo-rozwojową, z pewnością otrzymamy pozytywną interpretację, ta jednak z uwagi na to, że sami zinterpretowaliśmy przepis jest łatwa do podważenia przy kontroli. Z drugiej strony, gdy opiszemy cechy działalności, wskazując, że naszym zdaniem jest badawczo-rozwojowa, istnieje duża szansa, że wniosek zostanie pozostawiony bez rozpatrzenia. Co w tej sytuacji? Idziemy do sądu.

Korzystny wyrok NSA

Obecnie ukształtowała się już spójna linia orzecznicza Wojewódzkich Sądów Administracyjnych w zakresie ulgi, która została potwierdzona także przez Naczelny Sąd Administracyjny. Sąd wskazał, że Dyrektor Krajowej Informacji Skarbowej nie może odmawiać odpowiedzi na pytania, czy prowadzona przez podatnika działalność jest badawczo-rozwojowa.

Zgodnie z wyrokiem: „Skoro skarżący dokładnie opisał swoją działalność przez pryzmat cech działalności badawczo-rozwojowej, to organ miał obowiązek udzielić odpowiedzi na przedstawioną wątpliwość. Od takiej oceny jednak się uchylił, co stanowi naruszenia art. 14b §3 O.p. To właśnie aspekt wykonywania przez skarżącego działalności badawczo-rozwojowej wymaga w rozpatrywanej sprawie wyjaśnienia i interpretacji. Nie może on zatem zostać uznany jako element stanu faktycznego, którego podanie obciąża wnioskodawcę jako podatnika” (II FSK 1049/21).

Mając na uwadze powyższe, to organ – nie podatnik – jest zobowiązany do dokonania oceny, czy prowadzona działalność zalicza się do badawczo-rozwojowych. Wydaje się, że kwestia ta została już dobitnie wyjaśniona, aczkolwiek niestety – póki co – organ nie respektuje wydanego orzeczenia. Tym samym warto przejrzeć uzyskaną interpretację, czy przypadkiem nie stwierdzamy w niej działalności B+R, prac rozwojowych czy badań naukowych. Jeśli tak, jest ona bezwartościowa. Warto wówczas wystąpić z ponownym wnioskiem o jej wydanie.


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Joanna Żbikowska Joanna Żbikowska  

Menedżer działu Doradztwa Podatkowego w Kancelarii Mentzen.

 

  

Artykuł Ulga dla programistów pochodzi z serwisu CRN.

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Ministerstwo Finansów: e-faktury nie upoważniają do ulgi za Internet https://crn.sarota.dev/aktualnosci/ministerstwo-finansow-e-faktury-nie-upowazniaja-do-ulgi-za-internet/ https://crn.sarota.dev/aktualnosci/ministerstwo-finansow-e-faktury-nie-upowazniaja-do-ulgi-za-internet/#respond Fri, 01 Apr 2011 16:40:00 +0000 https://crn.pl/default/ministerstwo-finansow-e-faktury-nie-upowazniaja-do-ulgi-za-internet/ Zdaniem resortu faktury za Internet wysyłane w formie elektronicznej w 2010 r. nie uprawniają do odliczeń, jeśli nie mają certyfikowanego e-podpisu.

Artykuł Ministerstwo Finansów: e-faktury nie upoważniają do ulgi za Internet pochodzi z serwisu CRN.

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Resort powołuje się na obowiązujące do końca 2010 r. przepisy, które dopuszczały przesyłanie i przechowywanie faktur elektronicznych tylko poprzez system EDI albo pod warunkiem załączenia e-podpisu z kwalifikowanym certyfikatem. Dokument wysłany w inny sposób, np. w pliku PDF, jest dla resortu tylko obrazem faktury, a nie fakturą uprawniającą do skorzystania z ulgi. Na życzenie podatnika operator ma jednak obowiązek wystawienia dokumentu papierowego.

Stanowiska Ministerstwa Finansów nie podziela część ekspertów. Jeden z doradców podatkowych w wypowiedzi dla Gazety Wyborczej zauważył, że ustawa o VAT i unijna dyrektywa nie ogranicza prawa do odliczenia ulgi ze względu na formę faktury.

Artykuł Ministerstwo Finansów: e-faktury nie upoważniają do ulgi za Internet pochodzi z serwisu CRN.

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Zniesiono pełne odliczenia VAT od aut z kratką https://crn.sarota.dev/aktualnosci/zniesiono-pelne-odliczenia-vat-od-aut-z-kratka/ https://crn.sarota.dev/aktualnosci/zniesiono-pelne-odliczenia-vat-od-aut-z-kratka/#respond Fri, 03 Dec 2010 17:09:00 +0000 https://crn.pl/default/zniesiono-pelne-odliczenia-vat-od-aut-z-kratka/ Od przyszłego roku przedsiębiorcy mogą ubiegać się o zwrot najwyżej 6 tys. zł podatku VAT od zakupionego auta z kratką. Nie będzie odliczeń od paliwa - zdecydował Sejm.

Artykuł Zniesiono pełne odliczenia VAT od aut z kratką pochodzi z serwisu CRN.

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Posłowie zmienili 3 grudnia ustawę o VAT. Zniesiono możliwość pełnego odliczenia podatku od aut z kratką. Od 2011 r. przedsiębiorcy mogą ubiegać się o zwrot 60 proc. kwoty VAT-u, ale nie więcej niż 6 tys. zł (dotychczas średnie odliczenia według resortu finansów wynosiły 18 tys. zł). W ogóle nie będzie można odliczać VAT-u od paliwa do takich aut o masie do 3,5 tony. Według ustawodawcy zmiany będą obowiązywać tymczasowo, do końca 2013 r.

Zachowano możliwość pełnego odliczenia podatku od towarów i usług przy zakupie aut ciężarowych o ładowności od 500 kg.

Artykuł Zniesiono pełne odliczenia VAT od aut z kratką pochodzi z serwisu CRN.

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Auta z kratką – pełne odliczenia VAT także w przyszłym roku https://crn.sarota.dev/aktualnosci/auta-z-kratka-2013-pelne-odliczenia-vat-takze-w-przyszlym-roku/ https://crn.sarota.dev/aktualnosci/auta-z-kratka-2013-pelne-odliczenia-vat-takze-w-przyszlym-roku/#respond Wed, 27 Oct 2010 16:37:00 +0000 https://crn.pl/default/auta-z-kratka-2013-pelne-odliczenia-vat-takze-w-przyszlym-roku/ W przyszłym roku przedsiębiorcy będą mogli odliczyć 100 proc. VAT od auta z kratką. Wystarczy do końca grudnia br. podpisać umowę leasingową i wnieść opłatę wstępną – ustalił Dziennik Gazeta Prawna.

Artykuł Auta z kratką – pełne odliczenia VAT także w przyszłym roku pochodzi z serwisu CRN.

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Ministerstwo Finansów planuje zmianę zasad zwrotu VAT-u od aut z kratką – w projekcie resortu w przyszłym roku wartość odliczenia ograniczono do 60 proc. kwoty podatku (ale nie więcej niż 6 tys. zł). Aby po 1 stycznia 2011 r. skorzystać z pełnego odliczenia, należy do 31 grudnia br. podpisać umowę leasingu i uregulować opłatę wstępną – poinformował DGP. Na początek nabywca odzyska VAT proporcjonalnie do początkowej opłaty, a kolejne odliczenie będzie możliwe po naliczeniu pierwszej raty leasingowej i odbiorze auta. Umowę należy zarejestrować w urzędzie skarbowym w ciągu 30 dni od daty wejścia w życie planowanej ustawy (zmiany dotyczące ograniczenia ulgi musi jeszcze przegłosować sejm).

Artykuł Auta z kratką – pełne odliczenia VAT także w przyszłym roku pochodzi z serwisu CRN.

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