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- CRN https://crn.sarota.dev/tag/joanna-zbikowska/ CRN.pl to portal B2B poświęcony branży IT. Dociera do ponad 40 000 unikalnych użytkowników. Jest narzędziem pracy kadry zarządzającej w branży IT w Polsce. Codziennie nowe informacje z branży IT, wywiady, artykuły, raporty tematyczne Wed, 23 Feb 2022 20:03:28 +0000 pl-PL hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.6.2 Ulga dla programistów https://crn.sarota.dev/artykuly/ulga-dla-programistow/ Tue, 15 Mar 2022 08:15:00 +0000 https://crn.pl/?p=273144 Naczelny Sąd Administracyjny rozstrzygnął ważną dla wielu programistów kwestię sporną ze skarbówką.

Artykuł Ulga dla programistów pochodzi z serwisu CRN.

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O uldze IP Box zrobiło się głośno w 2019 r., kiedy weszła w życie. Może się wydawać, że została stworzona dla programistów, ponieważ stosując ją, obniżamy podatek z tytułu sprzedaży praw autorskich do oprogramowania do 5 proc. Zastosowanie ulgi nie jest jednak tak proste, jak mogłoby się wydawać. Zdało sobie z tego sprawę również Ministerstwo Finansów, gdyż po kilku miesiącach od jej wejścia w życie wydało obszerne, liczące 86 stron objaśnienia. Niestety, aby obniżyć swój podatek nie wystarczy sprzedawać oprogramowanie. Trzeba przede wszystkim prowadzić działalność badawczo-rozwojową, o której mowa w przepisach dotyczących ulgi.

Jak z niej korzystać?

W pierwszej kolejności należy zaopatrzyć się w interpretację indywidualną. Jej celem jest głównie zabezpieczenie opisanego stanu faktycznego. Bardzo ważne są również pytania, które kierujemy do organu. Najważniejszą bowiem kwestią jest określenie, czy podatnik prowadzi działalność badawczo-rozwojową. Niestety, uzyskanie wartościowej interpretacji od dłuższego czasu jest bardzo trudne.

Przekonało się o tym wiele osób zainteresowanych ulgą. Organ odpowiedzialny za jej wydanie – Krajowa Informacja Skarbowa – rzuca kłody pod nogi programistów na etapie ubiegania się o nią, wskazując, że to podatnik musi jasno zadeklarować, że prowadzi działalność badawczo-rozwojową. W zależności od tego, do jakiej delegatury trafi nasz wniosek, możemy się spotkać z zupełnie innym rozstrzygnięciem. Mało tego. Odmienne rozstrzygnięcia są wydawane nawet w obrębie jednej placówki i tego samego urzędnika. Ciężko więc przewidzieć, jak potoczy się sprawa po przesłaniu i opłaceniu wniosku.

Pytanie pułapka

Gdy zdecydujemy się wziąć udział w nierównym starciu z Krajową Informacją Skarbową, musimy liczyć się z tym, że po mniej więcej dwóch miesiącach otrzymamy listę pytań, które mają doprecyzować stan faktyczny. Część z nich może i owszem, odnosi się do prowadzonej działalności, jednak zdecydowana większość to pytania o to, czy prowadzimy działalność B+R. Jak się okazuje, można je postawić na wiele sposobów, a kreatywność urzędnika nie zna granic.

Standardowe wezwanie liczy około 15 pytań, z czego nawet połowa to typowe pułapki. Gdy wskażemy, że prowadzimy działalność badawczo-rozwojową, z pewnością otrzymamy pozytywną interpretację, ta jednak z uwagi na to, że sami zinterpretowaliśmy przepis jest łatwa do podważenia przy kontroli. Z drugiej strony, gdy opiszemy cechy działalności, wskazując, że naszym zdaniem jest badawczo-rozwojowa, istnieje duża szansa, że wniosek zostanie pozostawiony bez rozpatrzenia. Co w tej sytuacji? Idziemy do sądu.

Korzystny wyrok NSA

Obecnie ukształtowała się już spójna linia orzecznicza Wojewódzkich Sądów Administracyjnych w zakresie ulgi, która została potwierdzona także przez Naczelny Sąd Administracyjny. Sąd wskazał, że Dyrektor Krajowej Informacji Skarbowej nie może odmawiać odpowiedzi na pytania, czy prowadzona przez podatnika działalność jest badawczo-rozwojowa.

Zgodnie z wyrokiem: „Skoro skarżący dokładnie opisał swoją działalność przez pryzmat cech działalności badawczo-rozwojowej, to organ miał obowiązek udzielić odpowiedzi na przedstawioną wątpliwość. Od takiej oceny jednak się uchylił, co stanowi naruszenia art. 14b §3 O.p. To właśnie aspekt wykonywania przez skarżącego działalności badawczo-rozwojowej wymaga w rozpatrywanej sprawie wyjaśnienia i interpretacji. Nie może on zatem zostać uznany jako element stanu faktycznego, którego podanie obciąża wnioskodawcę jako podatnika” (II FSK 1049/21).

Mając na uwadze powyższe, to organ – nie podatnik – jest zobowiązany do dokonania oceny, czy prowadzona działalność zalicza się do badawczo-rozwojowych. Wydaje się, że kwestia ta została już dobitnie wyjaśniona, aczkolwiek niestety – póki co – organ nie respektuje wydanego orzeczenia. Tym samym warto przejrzeć uzyskaną interpretację, czy przypadkiem nie stwierdzamy w niej działalności B+R, prac rozwojowych czy badań naukowych. Jeśli tak, jest ona bezwartościowa. Warto wówczas wystąpić z ponownym wnioskiem o jej wydanie.


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Joanna Żbikowska Joanna Żbikowska  

Menedżer działu Doradztwa Podatkowego w Kancelarii Mentzen.

 

  

Artykuł Ulga dla programistów pochodzi z serwisu CRN.

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Pułapka Ministerstwa Finansów na spółki jawne https://crn.sarota.dev/artykuly/pulapka-ministerstwa-finansow-na-spolki-jawne/ Mon, 16 Aug 2021 07:15:00 +0000 https://crn.pl/?p=262023 Nowelizacja ustawy o podatku dochodowym od osób prawnych wprowadziła prawdziwą rewolucję. Główne zmiany dotyczą opodatkowania spółek komandytowych oraz niektórych spółek jawnych. Dotychczas były one transparentne podatkowo. Sprawdź, które spółki jawne są podatnikiem CIT w 2021 r.

Artykuł Pułapka Ministerstwa Finansów na spółki jawne pochodzi z serwisu CRN.

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Zgodnie z nowelizacją ustawy, jej przepisy w pewnych sytuacjach stosuje się do spółek jawnych. Stają się one podatnikami CIT, gdy mają siedzibę lub zarząd na terytorium Polski, wspólnikami nie są wyłącznie osoby fizyczne, a dodatkowo spółka ta nie złoży przed rozpoczęciem roku obrotowego informacji o podatnikach CIT oraz PIT, posiadających prawo do udziału w zysku tej spółki, ewentualnie nie złoży aktualizacji ww. informacji w terminie 14 dni, licząc od dnia zaistnienia zmian w składzie podatników.

Informację tę składa się zarówno do naczelnika urzędu skarbowego właściwego ze względu na siedzibę spółki jawnej, jak i naczelnika urzędu skarbowego właściwego dla każdego podatnika osiągającego dochody z takiej spółki. Należy ją złożyć przed każdorazowym rozpoczęciem roku obrotowego, nawet gdy skład podatników oraz ich udziały w zyskach nie ulegną zmianie. W tym miejscu warto przypomnieć, że w polskim prawie podatkowym poprzez rok obrotowy rozumiemy okres rozliczeniowy, składający się zwykle z dwunastu kolejno następujących po sobie miesięcy. Najczęściej pokrywają się one z rokiem kalendarzowym.

Wprowadzone zmiany oznaczają nic innego jak podwójne opodatkowanie. Na poziomie spółki podatkiem CIT, a na poziomie wspólników podatkiem PIT lub CIT. Aby tego uniknąć w sytuacji, gdy wspólnikiem nie są wyłącznie osoby fizyczne, ale przykładowo spółka z o.o., należy pamiętać o złożeniu zawiadomienia.

Zgodnie z przepisami przejściowymi termin na złożenie zawiadomienia naczelnika minął 31 stycznia 2021 r. W przypadku, gdy spółka jawna rozpoczęła działalność przed początkiem roku – informację tę składa się na dzień 1 stycznia 2021 roku. Natomiast w sytuacji, gdy działalność ta rozpoczęła się w okresie od 1 do 31 stycznia 2021 roku – według stanu na dzień rozpoczęcia działalności. Należy jednak pamiętać, że obowiązek ten nie dotyczy spółek jawnych, w których wspólnikami są wyłącznie osoby fizyczne.

Spółka utworzona po 31 stycznia 2021 r.

W tym przypadku sytuacja jest dużo bardziej skomplikowana. Datą pierwszego dnia pierwszego roku obrotowego spółek jawnych nie jest data rejestracji takiego podmiotu, tylko otwarcia przez niego ksiąg rachunkowych. Natomiast zgodnie z ustawą o rachunkowości, podmiot ten jest zobowiązany do otworzenia ksiąg rachunkowych na dzień rozpoczęcia działalności. Tym dniem jest pierwsze zdarzenie wywołujące skutki o charakterze majątkowym lub finansowym. Przykładem takiego zdarzenia może być między innymi zapłata za zakupioną usługę. Wobec tego nowoutworzona spółka jawna, która złoży informację przed tak rozumianym dniem rozpoczęcia działalności – zachowa status podmiotu podatkowo transparentnego.

Skutki braku złożenia we wskazanych terminach informacji bądź jej aktualizacji, będą niestety odczuwalne długofalowo. Zgodnie z wprowadzonymi przepisami, spółka ta stanie się podatnikiem podatku CIT i pozostanie nim do dnia jej likwidacji lub wykreślenia z rejestru. Kwestia ta została dosadnie wskazana w odpowiedzi Ministra Finansów na zapytanie poselskie nr 2151.

Spółka jawna powstała w wyniku przekształcenia

Główna wątpliwość w tym zakresie sprowadza się do tego, kto powinien złożyć informację, aby była ona skuteczna. Tę kwestię wyjaśnia wydana 15 marca 2021 r. indywidualna interpretacja o sygn. 0111-KDIB1–1.4010.9.2021.2.ŚS. Wnioskodawca przedstawił stan faktyczny, z którego wynika, że zamierza dokonać przekształcenia spółki komandytowej w spółkę jawną. W interpretacji tej dyrektor Krajowej Informacji zgodził się ze stanowiskiem, że złożenie informacji przez spółkę komandytową przed jej przekształceniem w spółkę jawną będzie skuteczne.

Oznacza to, że spółka jawna będąca następcą prawnym, nie będzie podatnikiem podatku CIT. Jak bowiem prawidłowo zauważył wnioskodawca: „przekazanie ww. informacji przez spółkę przekształcaną powinno być traktowane tak samo jak złożenie takiej informacji przez spółkę przekształconą tj. spółkę jawną. Oświadczenie to będzie bowiem w dalszym ciągu składał ten sam podmiot”. Wobec tego, aby spółka jawna powstała w wyniku przekształcenia nie została podatnikiem podatku CIT – informację powinna złożyć spółka przekształcana, jeszcze przed dniem rejestracji przekształcenia.

Nieprecyzyjne przepisy

Kolejny raz mamy do czynienia z wprowadzonymi przepisami, które pozostawiają wiele wątpliwości. W konsekwencji niejedna spółka jawna, która powstała w wyniku przekształcenia, ostatecznie zyskała status podatnika CIT. Pamiętajmy, że nie jest to pierwsza sytuacja, gdy ustawodawca niewystarczająco precyzuje przepisy. Przykładem takiego działania mogą być przepisy dotyczące ulgi IP Box i prowadzonej ewidencji. W tym przypadku doczekały się one po kilku miesiącach obszernych objaśnień Ministerstwa Finansów. Czy tak będzie również w przypadku podwójnego opodatkowania spółek jawnych? Pozostaje nam uzbroić się w cierpliwość i obserwować kształtującą się linię interpretacyjną. Ustawodawca natomiast powinien pamiętać, że pośpiech jest złym doradcą…


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Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$post_password is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

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Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$to_ping is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$pinged is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$post_modified is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$post_modified_gmt is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$post_content_filtered is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$guid is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$menu_order is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$post_mime_type is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$comment_count is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$filter is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$status is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$_edit_lock is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$_thumbnail_id is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$_edit_last is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$_yoast_wpseo_primary_category is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$_yoast_wpseo_focuskw is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$_yoast_wpseo_linkdex is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$_yoast_wpseo_content_score is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$_yoast_wpseo_estimated-reading-time-minutes is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$obrazek_wyrozniajacy is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$_obrazek_wyrozniajacy is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$_author is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$galeria is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$_galeria is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$post_views_count is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$post_date_gmt is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$comment_status is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$ping_status is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$post_password is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$post_name is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$to_ping is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$pinged is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$post_modified is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$post_modified_gmt is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$post_content_filtered is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$guid is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$menu_order is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$post_mime_type is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$comment_count is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$filter is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$status is deprecated in /home/sarotaq/crn/wp-content/plugins/timber-library/lib/Core.php on line 71
Joanna Żbikowska Joanna Żbikowska  

Autorka jest starszą specjalistką ds. ulgi IP Box w Kancelarii Mentzen.

 

  

Artykuł Pułapka Ministerstwa Finansów na spółki jawne pochodzi z serwisu CRN.

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