Wykluczenie Huawei naraża Polskę na odwet Chin
Łańcuchy dostaw będą zagrożone – twierdzi ekspert.

Polsce grozi rewanż w razie zbanowania Huawei? „Chiny potrafią bardzo ostro i agresywnie reagować w obronie swoich interesów” – twierdzi politolog.
Zapisy kolejnej wersji projektu nowelizacji ustawy o krajowym systemie cyberbezpieczeństwa są wymierzone w Huawei – nie ma co do tego wątpliwości przedstawiciel firmy – i umożliwiają wykluczenie koncernu z polskiego rynku.
Jednak w takiej sytuacji Polska musi liczyć się z retorsjami ze strony chińskiej.
„Chińczycy mogą nam poprzecinać kanały dostaw” – twierdzi Bogdan Góralczyk, profesor UW, wykładowca Centrum Europejskiego UW, politolog i ekspert ds. relacji z Chinami.
„Jak to wygląda, można zaobserwować na rynku w USA, gdzie Amerykanie nie mają chociażby możliwości montowania samochodów czy innego sprzętu, bo chińscy poddostawcy przestali dostarczać komponenty. To samo może stać się w Polsce, więc konsekwencje byłyby poważne” – ostrzega politolog dla agencji Newseria Biznes.
„Chiny potrafią bardzo ostro i agresywnie wręcz reagować w obronie swoich interesów i tego bym się spodziewał w przypadku Huaweia” – utrzymuje.
Zagrożenie jest o tyle poważne, że Chiny są dla Polski drugim (po Niemczech) największym partnerem handlowym. Według danych GUS w 2020 roku miały 14,4-proc. udział w polskim imporcie, warty przeszło 146,5 mld zł.
Dostawca „wysokiego ryzyka” zostanie zbanowany
Projekt ustawy dopuszcza uznanie dostawcy za firmę „wysokiego ryzyka” np. wówczas gdy znajduje się on pod kontrolą państwa spoza UE i NATO lub państwo ingeruje w daną firmę. Decyzję podejmie kolegium ds. cyberbezpieczeństwa, a postępowanie będzie prowadzić minister właściwy ds. informatyzacji. Według zapowiedzi ma też brać pod uwagę techniczne kryteria. Dostawca „wysokiego ryzyka” w kilka lat zostanie usunięty z infrastruktury krytycznej kraju – wynika z projektu.
Z kolei Huawei apeluje o kierowanie się wyłącznie technicznymi kryteriami bezpieczeństwa cyfrowego, a nie politycznymi, oraz o udział w ich ocenie branżowych ekspertów i firm.
Niemcy wyznaczą kierunek
Bogdan Góralczyk uważa, że kluczowe dla stanowiska Polski wobec chińskiego koncernu okaże się podejście do Huaweia nowej administracji w Niemczech (po zmianie kanclerza).
„Jeżeli Niemcy próbowaliby usuwać Huaweia ze swojego rynku, czego nie przewiduję, to wtedy Polska w zasadzie nie ma wyjścia, bez względu na swoje ustawodawstwo, bo oba rynki są silnie powiązane. Jeżeli natomiast Niemcy podejmą odwrotną decyzję, to w Polsce powinniśmy się nad tym prawnie i politycznie zastanowić” – mówi ekspert.
Tajne postępowanie, decyzja bez możliwości zaskarżenia
Z kolei Maciej Rogalski, rektor Uczelni Łazarskiego, zauważa, że decyzja o uznaniu dostawcy za firmę „wysokiego ryzyka” przez kolegium ds. cyberbezpieczeństwa ma rygor natychmiastowej wykonalności i nie ma opcji jej zaskarżenia nawet w sądzie. Ponadto projekt dopuszcza wyłączenie jawności postępowania kolegium w tej sprawie. Uważa, że trzeba zmienić te przepisy.
Polski Instytut Spraw Międzynarodowych ocenia, że w przyszłości USA mogą uzależniać swoją współpracę z sojusznikami od stopnia nasycenia ich gospodarek i infrastruktury chińskimi technologiami. Polska we wrześniu ub.r. podpisała ze Stanami deklarację o współpracy w zakresie bezpieczeństwa przy wdrażaniu technologii 5G.
Źródło: Newseria Biznes
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