Ulga B+R: niewykorzystana szansa
Niewiele firm korzysta z ulgi na badania i rozwój. Wprowadzono jednak zmiany dobre dla firm – informują eksperci.

Niecałe 15 proc. nakładów, które zostały zainwestowane przez polskich przedsiębiorców w działania badawczo-rozwojowe w 2017 r., zgłoszono do ulgi na B+R – wynika z analizy ekspertów Crido „Ulga B+R. Czy polscy przedsiębiorcy wykorzystują jej potencjał?”.
Z opracowania wynika również, że od 2016 r. organy podatkowe wydały ponad 500 indywidualnych interpretacji odpowiadając na prawie drugie tyle pytań zadanych we wnioskach. To pokazuje, że potencjał tego instrumentu podatkowego nie jest w pełni wykorzystywany, a jednym z powodów mogą być wątpliwości podatników dotyczące warunków skorzystania z ulgi.
W pierwszym roku obowiązywania ulgi (2016 r.) spośród 4871 podmiotów, które prowadziły działalność B+R, skorzystało z niej jedynie 528 przedsiębiorców. Zgłoszone koszty stanowiły ok. 10 proc. wydatków tych przedsiębiorstw na działania B+R (1,2 mld zł z 11,8 mld zł), a kwota uzyskanej ulgi wyniosła 206 mln zł..
W 2017 r. 1090 firm na sumę 1,9 mld zł skorzystało z ulgi (15 proc. wydatków przedsiębiorstw na B+R).
Są korzystne zmiany dla firm
Eksperci zwracają uwagę, że w 2018 r. w ramach ulgi B+R wprowadzono zmiany korzystne dla przedsiębiorców. Mianowicie podwyższono limit odliczeń do 100 proc. kosztów kwalifikowanych (do 150 proc. dla firm posiadających status CBR), poszerzono ich katalog, a wykorzystanie ulgi umożliwiono również firmom działającym w specjalnych strefach ekonomicznych (choć w tym przypadku są wyjątki).
Co interesuje firmy
Według Crido najwięcej zapytań przedsiębiorców od czasu wprowadzenia ulgi dotyczyło tego, czy prowadzona przez firmę działalność spełniała ustawową definicję działalności B+R (25 proc. wszystkich interpretacji), kwestii pracowniczych (24 proc.) i identyfikacji kosztów kwalifikowanych (15 proc.).
Jedynie 7 proc. dotyczyło kosztów już zwróconych podatnikowi i łączenia ulgi z innymi rodzajami wsparcia.
Pozostałe interpretacje wyjaśniały wątpliwości przedsiębiorców na temat odliczenia kosztów nabytych usług (10 proc.), kosztów środków trwałych, wartości niematerialnych i prawnych i kosztów licencji (9 proc.), czy dokumentacji prac B+R (2 proc.).
„Liczba zapytań ze strony podatników świadczy o licznych wątpliwościach dotyczących rozumienia przepisów regulujących Ulgę B+R. Ważne, aby organy podatkowe wyciągały z nich wnioski i wprowadzały zmiany ułatwiające wykorzystanie tego instrumentu" – komentuje Monika Gruszecka, menedżer w Crido.
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Haczyki w nowelizacji Polskiego Ładu
Sejm zaakceptował obniżkę PIT do 12 proc. i inne zmiany w Polskim Ładzie. Trzeba jednak uważać na szczegóły.
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Polski Ład: nie ma możliwości zmiany na ryczałt lub liniówkę
Nie jest możliwa dowolna zmiana formy opodatkowania przedsiębiorców w związku z nowelizacją Polskiego Ładu.