Specustawa. Firmom będzie łatwiej zatrudnić fachowców z Ukrainy
Specustawa wprowadza ułatwienia w zatrudnianiu Ukraińców. Są jednak ograniczenia.

Możliwość założenia JDG i tym samym pracy na B2B będzie dotyczyć także osób z Ukrainy, które przyjechały do Polski przed wybuchem wojny (24 lutego).
Specustawa o pomocy obywatelom Ukrainy wprowadza ułatwione zasady zatrudniania osób, które opuściły kraj w wyniku działań wojennych i przekroczyły granicę Polski od 24 lutego br. Przypomnijmy, że uproszczenie procedur dla pracowników ze wschodu należy do głównych postulatów branży w celu załatania luki kadrowej w sektorze informatycznym.
Praca po zgłoszeniu
Otóż do zatrudnienia obywatela Ukrainy, którego pobyt uznano za legalny (uchodźcy mogą uzyskać taki status na 18 miesięcy) nie będzie wymagane pozwolenie na pracę. Wystarczy zgłoszenie w ciągu 14 dni od rozpoczęcia przez niego pracy – pracodawca może to zrobić online na praca.gov.pl. Zasady zatrudnienia, jak i formułowania umowy o pracę będą analogiczne jak w przypadku polskich pracowników.
Umowa na 1,5 roku
Jest natomiast ograniczenie czasowe dla nowej przyspieszonej formuły. Umowę będzie można podpisać maksymalnie na 18 miesięcy z możliwością przedłużenia o kolejne 18 miesięcy. Z tym że pierwsze 1,5 roku to czas, w którym obywatel Ukrainy powinien złożyć wniosek o pobyt i pracę w Polsce, jeśli chce u nas pozostać (musi załatwić te formalności między 9 a 18 miesiącem pracy).
Trzeba też pamiętać, że minister rodziny i polityki społecznej będzie mógł ustalić limit zatrudnienia dla pracowników z Ukrainy (jako proc. pracowników w firmie). Takie ograniczenia mogą zostać wprowadzone, gdyby władze uznały, że trzeba ochronić miejsca pracy dla Polaków.
Fachowiec z Ukrainy na B2B
Co istotne dla branży, specustawa otworzyła furtkę do pozyskania fachowców z Ukrainy na umowy B2B. Pozwolono im bowiem zakładać jednoosobowe działalności gospodarcze na tej samej zasadzie, co obywatelom Polski.
Rzecz jasna oznacza to również możliwość tworzenia przez obywateli Ukrainy samodzielnych tzw. jednoosobowych firm w Polsce, niekoniecznie związanych z polskim podmiotem (dotychczas Ukraińcy mogli w kraju powoływać spółki z o.o., ale nie rejestrować JDG).
JDG także dla Ukraińców przybyłych przed wojną
Możliwość rejestracji jednoosobowej działalności będą mieć nie tylko osoby, które przybyły do Polski od 24 lutego, ale także te, które przyjechały już przed wojną i przebywają w naszym kraju legalnie na podstawie ustawy o cudzoziemcach (mają np. zezwolenie na pobyt czasowy i pracę) – tak zapewniło ministerstwo rozwoju i technologii.
Aby otworzyć działalność gospodarczą w Polsce, obywatel Ukrainy będzie potrzebował numeru PESEL. Wnioski przyjmują urzędy miast i gmin. Zapowiedziano także możliwość złożenia odpowiednich papierów już na granicy. Ukraińcom udostępniono też opcję elektronicznej komunikacji z urzędami poprzez profil zaufany.
Specustawa nie przewiduje natomiast zatrudnienia zdalnego pracownika na etat czy też na B2B (na polskiej działalności gospodarczej), jeśli taka osoba pozostała na Ukrainie.
200 – 300 tys. specjalistów IT na Ukrainie
O pilną zmianę przepisów ustawy o cudzoziemcach, ułatwiającą zatrudnianie pracowników z zagranicy, apelowały niedługo przed wojną organizacje branżowe, jak SoDA i Cyfrowa Polska, ze względu na problem niedoboru talentów na krajowym rynku.
Prezes GPW Tech Witold Wiliński oceniał tuż przed wojną, że Polska mogłaby stać się miejscem rozwoju dla innowacyjnych ukraińskich spółek z branży.
Sii Polska szacował, że na Ukrainie jest 200 tys. wysoko wykwalifikowanych specjalistów IT (dane sprzed wojny). Piotr Nowosielski, prezes Just Join IT, w lutym br. oceniał liczbę fachowców na Ukrainie na ok. 300 tys.
W Polsce ilość wakatów w branży według różnych danych wynosi od 50 tys. (wg raportu DESI 2020), do nawet do 250 -300 tys. programistów (wg SoDA), ponieważ ze względu rosnące zapotrzebowanie na cyfryzację nieustannie zwiększa się popyt na fachowców – a z drugiej strony Polsce grozi drenaż talentów, bo naszych inżynierów kuszą zachodnie firmy.
Od ub.r. pracowników i przedsiębiorstwa IT z Ukrainy obejmuje program Poland.Business Harbour, który ma ułatwić relokację specjalistów i firm do Polski, wprowadzając m.in. przyspieszoną ścieżkę wizową i wsparcie samorządów.
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