Kto jest właścicielem Huawei?
Nasz model jest lepszy niż wielu zachodnich spółek - przekonuje chiński koncern.

„Huawei jest w całości własnością jego pracowników” – zapewnia Jiang Xisheng, główny sekretarz rady dyrektorów Huawei. Na koniec 2018 r. akcje koncernu posiadało blisko 97 tys. pracowników (z ok. 190 tys. wszystkich). Firma co roku podwyższa swój kapitał zakładowy o ok. 10 proc. Tylko chińscy pracownicy mogą otrzymać akcje (dla obcokrajowców firma ma system motywacyjny). Tym samym mają oni prawo do dywidend i zysków, mogą wybierać członków komisji reprezentantów. Reprezentanci wybierają następnie członków organów zarządzających Huawei, w tym radę dyrektorów i radę nadzorczą.
USA: związki właścicielem
Kwestia własności Huawei jest podnoszona przez USA, które zarzucają, iż chiński koncern jest kontrolowany przez państwo. W ub.r., gdy USA ogłosiły sankcje, przedstawiciele Uniwersytetu Waszyngtona i Fundacji Fulbrighta opracowali publikację, z której wynikało, że dominującym podmiotem w Huawei Technologies jest Huawei Investment & Holding, w którym z kolei 99 proc. udziałów należy do podmiotu pod nazwą "Komitet związkowy". Zdaniem zachodnich badaczy, ponieważ związki zawodowe są kontrolowane przez KPCh, koncern można uznać za de facto podlegający chińskim władzom.
Huawei utrzymywało wówczas, że "Komitet związkowy" nie jest właścicielem, a jedynie platformą dla tysięcy akcjonariuszy – pracowników. Utrzymuje, że taka formuła wynika z chińskich przepisów, które ograniczają dopuszczalną liczbę zarejestrowanych udziałowców. Koncern zapewnia, że komitetowi nie są ujawniane żadne informacje biznesowe i nie są z nim omawiane. Przyznaje natomiast, że zgodnie z przepisami spółka wypłaca pewne kwoty komitetowi.
Lepszy akcjonariat pracowniczy niż giełda
Jiang Xisheng tłumaczy, że koncern nie wejdzie na giełdę, bo od dekad wyniki finansowe były bardzo dobre i spółka nie potrzebuje kapitału zewnętrznego. Po drugie presja i interesy zewnętrznych akcjonariuszy spółek notowanych na giełdzie znacznie ograniczają jego zdaniem zdolność do inwestowania w długoterminowe badania i rozwój.
"Wiele zachodnich firm nie dokonuje wystarczających inwestycji długoterminowych z powodu zbyt dużej presji na osiąganie krótkoterminowych zysków. To ostatecznie prowadzi do spadku ich konkurencyjności w dłuższej perspektywie czasu" – twierdzi przedstawiciel Huawei.
Miniony rok nie był jednak tak udany jak poprzednie. W IV kw. 2019 r. przychody Huawei wzrosły o niecałe 4 proc. rok do roku, a w całym roku o 18 proc. – to mniej niż oczekiwała firma. Powodem są głównie amerykańskie sankcje i spowolnienie gospodarcze na świecie. Rotacyjny przewodniczący Eric Xu przewiduje "trudny rok" 2020 dla firmy. Motywuje załogę do bardziej wytężonej pracy. Zapowiedział, że menedżerowie z niskimi ocenami pożegnają się z korporacją.
Rada dyrektorów realizuje strategię
Większość strategii Huawei jest ustalana i realizowana przez radę dyrektorów. Niektóre długoterminowe działania i najważniejsze kwestie zostaną przedłożone komisji reprezentantów w celu omówienia i podjęcia decyzji.
Komisja reprezentantów skupia się na podejmowaniu decyzji związanych z podziałem zysków, podwyższeniem kapitału, emisją nowych akcji i wyborem członków rady dyrektorów.
Rada dyrektorów przedstawia propozycję podziału zysku, a komisja reprezentantów ją zatwierdza. W 2018 r. Huawei wypłacił dywidendy w wysokości 1,05 juana na akcję (ok. 0,15 USD). Akcji na koniec roku było 22,24 mld. Liczba ta ma wzrosnąć do ok. 29 mld.
Komisja przedstawicieli ma uprawnienia nadzorcze. Na jej dorocznym posiedzeniu rotacyjny i pełniący obowiązki przewodniczący, przewodniczący rady nadzorczej i dyrektor finansowy składają w imieniu spółki sprawozdania, a następnie ich praca jest omawiana i oceniana przez komisję przedstawicieli.
CEO z prawem weta
Założyciel i CEO Huawei Ren Zhengfei ma prawo zawetować podejmowane w koncernie decyzje, ale nigdy nie skorzystał z tej możliwości. Prawo weta ma raczej zachęcić decydentów do przeprowadzenia gruntownych dyskusji przed podjęciem jakichkolwiek decyzji.
Ład korporacyjny Huawei odnosi się według firmy do pomysłów i doświadczeń niektórych firm rodzinnych, firm o długiej tradycji, a także systemów politycznych Europy i USA. Prawo weta zostało zainspirowane przez monarchię Wielkiej Brytanii.
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