Klauzula obejścia prawa narzędziem do prześladowania MŚP
Przygotowane przez rząd przepisy staną się instrumentem do prześladowania uczciwych podatników. Każdy przedsiębiorca będzie potencjalnym przestępcą – ostrzega Związek Przedsiębiorców i Pracodawców.

Klauzula obejścia prawa podatkowego uprawnia skarbówkę do zakwestionowania podjętych przez podatnika, zgodnych z prawem działań, mających na celu sprzeczne z intencjami ustawodawcy obniżenie wysokości podatków. Otóż zgodnie z propozycją ministerstwa finansów klauzula będzie stosowana, jeżeli czynność dokonana przez firmę – w ramach obowiązujących przepisów – ma na celu przede wszystkim osiągnięcie korzyści podatkowej, jest sprzeczna z celem ustawy podatkowej, a sposób działania był „sztuczny”. Konsekwencje grożą za „unikanie opodatkowania” na sumę ponad 100 tys. zł rocznie. Propozycję nowego przepisu przyjął rząd 16 marca.
W ocenie ZPP niejasna definicja sprawi, że to urzędnik będzie decydował, czy przedsiębiorca obchodzi prawo.
„Wprowadzenie takich przepisów spowoduje, że każdy przedsiębiorca stanie się potencjalnym przestępcą, a będzie o tym decydować urzędnik wedle własnego uznania.” – ostrzega związek.
Podkreśla, że formuła klauzuli daje skarbówce nieograniczone możliwości zakwestionowania wszelkich legalnych działań przedsiębiorców, którzy w praktyce będą bezbronni wobec decyzji urzędników. „Cóż z tego, że przedsiębiorca po wielu latach wygra taki proces, skoro jego firmy już dawno nie będzie.” – zauważa gorzko ZPP.
Według rządu klauzula ma zmusić do płacenia podatków w Polsce głównie międzynarodowe korporacje. Jak podaje ZPP, ponad 60 proc. spółek kapitałowych odnotowuje straty i to od wielu lat. Średnio płacą one w Polsce 0,4 proc. podatku w stosunku do przychodów, a mały i średni biznes – nieco ponad 1 proc.
Związek obawia się jednak, że w praktyce nowy przepis stanie się narzędziem, które będzie wykorzystywane niemal wyłącznie wobec polskich małych i średnich firm, bo urzędnicy nie będą chcieli ryzykować starcia z armią prawników, doradców podatkowych, agencji PR oraz ambasadorów, stojących po stronie globalnych korporacji. Znacznie łatwiej będzie zająć się małym i średnim biznesem.
ZPP zwraca także uwagę, że to pomysły ustawodawców, a nie przedsiębiorców, doprowadziły do karuzel vatowskich i innych patologii w podatkach. Trybunał Konstytucyjny zakwestionował już tego typu rozwiązanie funkcjonujące w polskim prawie podatkowym w przeszłości.
„Zamiast uprościć podatki i poprzez niemożność ich interpretacji rozwiązać problem, nadal się je komplikuje, tworząc kolejne instrumenty władzy urzędników nad firmami, które uderzają głównie w małe i średnie przedsiębiorstwa.”
Podobne rozwiązania znalazły się w projekcie Ministerstwo Finansów z 2014 r. „Możemy uznać że pomimo zmiany partii rządzącej metody represji polskiej przedsiębiorczości są trwałe i nie podlegają żadnemu złagodzeniu.” – stwierdza ZPP. Apeluje o wycofanie się ze szkodliwej regulacji.
Podobne aktualności
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Haczyki w nowelizacji Polskiego Ładu
Sejm zaakceptował obniżkę PIT do 12 proc. i inne zmiany w Polskim Ładzie. Trzeba jednak uważać na szczegóły.
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Polski Ład: nie ma możliwości zmiany na ryczałt lub liniówkę
Nie jest możliwa dowolna zmiana formy opodatkowania przedsiębiorców w związku z nowelizacją Polskiego Ładu.