Fiskus chce przykręcić śrubę firmom
Rada Podatkowa PKPP Lewiatan krytykuje nowy projekt Ministerstwa Finansów. - Spowoduje nagły wzrost obciążeń fiskalnych i administracyjnych. Może doprowadzić do spadku efektywności firm – ostrzega organizacja przedsiębiorców.

Jakby mało jeszcze było obciążeń fiskalnych, Ministerstwo Finansów szykuje kolejne. Otóż 24 sierpnia resort przedstawił 'projekt ustawy o zmianie ustawy o podatku dochodowym od osób prawnych, o podatku dochodowym od osób fizycznych oraz niektórych innych ustaw’. Zgodnie z deklaracjami urzędników celem jest uszczelnienie systemu podatkowego i ograniczenie dotychczasowych mechanizmów optymalizacji podatkowej. Zdaniem Lewiatana skutek będzie opłakany. Dla firm znacznie zmniejszą się możliwości optymalizacji wysokości płaconego podatku, przez co nagle wzrosną obciążenia fiskalne, a tym samym spadnie efektywność działania polskich przedsiębiorstw.
Zgodnie z projektem możliwości optymalizacji nie będą miały spółki komandytowo-akcyjne (SKA). Do tej pory spółki te, tak jak każde spółki osobowe, nie były podatnikami podatków dochodowych. Rozliczali się ich wspólnicy. Resort chce włączyć takie podmioty w zakres ustawy o CIT (i PIT). W ocenie Lewiatana zmiana jest zbyt radykalna, a ustawa o CIT po nowelizacji będzie niespójna, vacatio legis zbyt krótkie, zaś zmiany nie są gruntownie przemyślane i sprawiają wrażenie doraźnego środka niż kompleksowego rozwiązania.
Ponadto resort planuje ograniczyć odliczanie odsetek od pożyczek na podmioty powiązane pośrednio z pożyczkobiorcą. Ograniczeniom podlegać będą również pożyczki udzielone przez spółkę babkę, prababkę, itd. pod warunkiem, że na którymkolwiek z poziomów własności udział w kapitale polskiej spółki mierzony prawem głosów jest nie niższy niż 25 proc. oraz pożyczki udzielone przez spółkę siostrę lub „kuzynkę’, niezależnie od odległości istniejących powiązań.
Skutek: firmy mogą zostać pozbawione prawa do zaliczenia do kosztów uzyskania przychodów odsetek od finansowania, niezależnie od sposobu wykorzystania tych środków i wysokości aktywów.
Zmiany obejmą także świadczenia w naturze. W przypadku uregulowania zobowiązania poprzez spełnienie świadczenia niepieniężnego opodatkowana będzie wartość tego zobowiązania lub wartość rynkowa świadczenia niepieniężnego. Zdaniem Lewiatana to sprzeczne z konstytucją, bo spółka musi płacić podatek, chociaż nie uzyskuje faktycznego przychodu.
Kolejna nowość jest związana z dokumentacją podatkową. Ministerstwo chce dodania do ustawy o CIT i PIT przepisów rozciągających obowiązek sporządzania szczegółowej dokumentacji na podmioty zawierające umowy spółek nie mających osobowości prawnej (w tym SKA), umowy wspólnego przedsięwzięcia lub umowy o podobnym charakterze.
Lewiatan podkreśla, że nie podstaw prawnych do takiej ingerencji fiskusa w podział zysku, a zmiana uderza w przedsiębiorców wchodzących w konsorcja. Nie jest jasne, czy nowy obowiązek ma dotyczyć umów wspólnego przedsięwzięcia zawieranych przez podmioty powiązane, czy również przez podmioty niepowiązane (poza umową konsorcjum). Dla konsorcjów sporządzanie szczegółowej dokumentacji podatkowej może okazać się niemożliwe – podkreśla Lewiatan.
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Haczyki w nowelizacji Polskiego Ładu
Sejm zaakceptował obniżkę PIT do 12 proc. i inne zmiany w Polskim Ładzie. Trzeba jednak uważać na szczegóły.
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Polski Ład: nie ma możliwości zmiany na ryczałt lub liniówkę
Nie jest możliwa dowolna zmiana formy opodatkowania przedsiębiorców w związku z nowelizacją Polskiego Ładu.