Lewiatan: przedsiębiorca bez prawa do obrony w starciu z UOKiK
Nowe regulacje dotyczące postępowań UOKiK mogą pozbawić przedsiębiorcę prawa do obrony - alarmuje Konfederacja Lewiatan.

Celem zmian jest m.in. nadanie UOKiK uprawnień w celu skuteczniejszego egzekwowania prawa.
Nowe regulacje zawarte w projekcie nowelizacji ustawy o ochronie konkurencji i konsumentów osłabią prawo przedsiębiorcy do obrony w trakcie postępowania przed UOKiK lub wręcz, w niektórych przypadkach, pozbawią go tej obrony – ostrzega Konfederacja Lewiatan.
Ograniczony dostęp do informacji
Adrian Zwoliński, ekspert Konfederacji Lewiatan, wskazuje m.in. na ograniczenie dostępu do informacji oraz prawa świadka, czy wprowadzenie niejasnych zasad przerwania biegu terminu przedawnienia.
Podaje też inny przykład, jak w praktyce mogą działać nowe przepisy. Otóż jeśli w trakcie przeszukania np. u przedsiębiorcy urzędnik natrafi na materiały, które według przeszukiwanego są korespondencją z adwokatem lub radcą prawnym, to zgodnie z projektowanymi przepisami pozostawi je na miejscu.
Brzmi nieźle, jest jednak istotne „ale”.
Iluzoryczna ochrona praw przedsiębiorcy
W tym samym artykule projektu napisano: „przeszukujący może zapoznać się pobieżnie z pismem lub dokumentem, w sposób pozwalający na ustalenie autora, adresata, tytułu oraz przedmiotu pisma lub dokumentu oraz daty jego sporządzenia”.
Czyli urzędnik wprawdzie nie ma dostępu do materiału objętego tajemnicą adwokacką, ale może się z nim „pobieżnie zapoznać”.
To grozi iluzoryczną ochroną praw przeszukiwanego – alarmuje Adrian Zwoliński.
Krajowe dodatki do unijnych regulacji
Projekt ustawy (UC69) wprowadza do polskiego prawa zapisy unijnej dyrektywy Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (UE) 2019/1.
Jak zauważa ekspert, w polskim projekcie wprowadzono zagadnienia, których nie ma w dyrektywie, a dla niektórych innych rzeczy, występujących w unijnym akcie prawnym, proponuje się ich niewłaściwą i nieefektywną transpozycję.
Efektem będzie osłabienie prawa przedsiębiorcy do obrony. Adrian Zwoliński negatywnie ocenia projekt.
Ostrzejsze kary
Projekt przewiduje też szereg uprawnień, które mają umożliwić UOKiK skuteczniejsze egzekwowanie przepisów w zakresie ochrony konkurencji i konsumentów.
Prezes urzędu będzie mógł np. nałożyć okresową karę pieniężną, w celu przymuszenia przedsiębiorcy do wykonania nałożonych obowiązków. Stawka to do 5 proc. dziennego obrotu za każdy dzień zwłoki we wdrożeniu decyzji urzędu.
Maksymalny kwotowy pułap kary wymierzanej przez UOKiK może zostać zastąpiony sumą liczoną jako procent obrotu przedsiębiorstwa.
Podmiot dominujący może odpowiadać za spółkę zależną
Możliwe będzie również m.in. pociągnięcie do odpowiedzialności przedsiębiorcy dominującego w przypadku, gdy firma zależna naruszyła ustawę (np. uczestniczyła w zmowie cenowej, nadużyła dominującej pozycji na rynku).
Kary będzie można zaaplikować także związkom przedsiębiorców, jeżeli naruszenia przepisów dopuściła się firma należąca do takiej organizacji.
Gdy związek okaże się niewypłacalny, na karę zrzucą się podmioty członkowskie. Organy antymonopolowe nie będą mogły żądać zapłaty kary od przedsiębiorstw, które wykażą, że np. nie wdrożyły decyzji związku powodującej naruszenie albo nie widziały o jej istnieniu.
Z drugiej strony projekt przewiduje również m.in. wydawanie szczegółowego uzasadnienia zarzutów już na etapie wszczęcia postępowania.
Zaproponowano regulację, zgodnie z którą przeszukiwanemu przysługuje zażalenie na postanowienie sądu o wyrażeniu zgody na przeprowadzenie przeszukania. Z tym że proponuje się, by wniesienie zażalenia nie wstrzymywało przeszukania.
Podobne aktualności
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„Cios dla rynku IT w Polsce”
Nowy podmiot może zagrozić konkurencji na rynku usług IT w sektorze publicznym - alarmuje organizacja przedsiębiorców.
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CBA zatrzymało szefa Konfederacji Lewiatan. „Jesteśmy oburzeni”
Lider organizacji przedsiębiorców, Maciej Witucki, został zatrzymany przez służby.