Co trzecia firma obawia się bankructwa w 2021 r.
Pod koniec zeszłego roku co dziesiąty przedsiębiorca stracił wiarę, że kiedykolwiek uda mu się przywrócić dawną kondycję finansową biznesu. W 2021 r. MŚP boją się jeszcze bardziej.

Spadek sprzedaży, zahamowanie rozwoju, dezorganizacja pracy – to najczęstsze skutki koronakryzysu w MŚP.
Bankructwa w 2021 r. obawia się aż 36 proc. małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw, z czego 14 proc. uważa, że ryzyko to jest bardzo wysokie. Silny strach przed upadłością towarzyszy przede wszystkim firmom z branży produkcyjnej (19 proc.) i usługowej (16 proc.) – wynika z badania przeprowadzonego na zlecenie Rejestru Dłużników BIG InfoMonitor w IV kw. 2020 r.
Lęk przed zamknięciem firmy jest też tym powszechniejszy, im krótszy staż działania badanych. Około połowy podmiotów, które są na rynku krócej niż dwa lata, wchodzi w nowy rok z obawą, że go nie przetrwają.
Skąd tak pesymistyczne wizje
Pogłębiającą się niepewność powoduje wydłużający się koronakryzys. W listopadzie i na przełomie roku znów doszło do lockdownów, a jeszcze przed ich rozpoczęciem 43 proc. przedsiębiorstw nie udało się przywrócić obrotów sprzed pandemii.
Na starcie IV kw. ub.r. spora część doświadczonych w ten sposób firm przewidywała, że uda się im to w II kw. 2021 r. (28,4 proc.) i III kw. 2021 r. (10,7 proc.) tego roku, ale 11 proc. uważało, że już nigdy, a 40 proc. trudno było prognozować.

Prawie połowa doświadczyła spadku sprzedaży
Głównym winowajcą czarnych perspektyw jest pandemia i kolejne lockdowny, które nękają gospodarkę. Negatywny wpływ pandemii na swój biznes widzi 7 na 10 firm MŚP.

Najbardziej dotkliwym skutkiem koronakryzysu jest spadek sprzedaży, na co wskazuje niemal 47 proc. badanych, przede wszystkim firmy mikro i małe. Na kolejnych miejscach znalazły się: zahamowanie rozwoju przedsiębiorstwa (ponad 18 proc.) i dezorganizacja pracy (prawie 18 proc.), ta ostatnia dokucza akurat najbardziej firmom małym i średnim.
Jeśli chodzi o zwolnienia to pandemia do IV kw. 2020 r. wymusiła je u nielicznych, bo redukcje zatrudnienia deklaruje mniej niż 5 proc.
Co istotne, w jeszcze mniejszym stopniu kryzys pogorszył relacje z kontrahentami – w 3 proc. przypadków.
Na koniec listopada 2020 r. w Rejestrze Dłużników BIG InfoMonitor oraz BIK firm opóźniających płatności wobec dostawców i banków było prawie 321 tys. firm, ich zaległości wynosiły 34,15 mld zł.
Masa problemów z płynnością
W ub.r. prawie 11 proc. mikro, małych i średnich firm wskazywało, że istniało realne ryzyko zlikwidowania ich biznesu, zwłaszcza przedsiębiorstwa mikro (16,1 proc.) i małe (10,5 proc.).
Ryzyko zamknięcia powodował najczęściej spadek płynności finansowej (66 proc.), odwołanie kontraktów i gwałtowny odpływ zamówień (39,6 proc.) i wzrost kosztów prowadzenia działalności (20,8 proc.).

Według GUS listopad był kolejnym miesiącem, w którym zanotowano wzrost liczby podmiotów z zawieszoną działalnością (o 3,1 proc.), a jednocześnie o 23,5 proc. spadła liczba nowo zarejestrowanych firm w porównaniu do października, gdy spadek wyniósł „tylko” 7,6 proc.
Najwięcej zamrożonych biznesów przybyło w sekcji kultura, rozrywka i rekreacja, gdzie mieści się m.in. turystyka oraz organizatorzy targów i kongresów. Z kolei, choć najczęściej wyrejestrowywały się firmy handlowe i budowlane, to w tych kategoriach było też najwięcej rejestracji nowych podmiotów.
Więcej niewypłacalności, więcej upadłości
Optymizmem nie napawają również statystyki dotyczące upadłości i restrukturyzacji firm. W ciągu 11 miesięcy 2020 r. ich liczba wyniosła łącznie 1200 (544 upadłości i 656 restrukturyzacji). Było ich o jedną czwartą więcej niż w tym samym okresie 2019 r. (542 upadłości i 419 restrukturyzacji) – wynika z analizy Centralnego Ośrodka Informacji Gospodarczej.
Po raz pierwszy liczba restrukturyzacji przekroczyła liczbę upadłości firm m.in. za sprawą uproszczonego postępowania o zatwierdzenie układu. Tylko przez cztery miesiące od lipca do października po uproszczone postępowanie restrukturyzacyjne sięgnęło 207 firm.
„Rosnąca liczba niewypłacalnych firm to też wyższe ryzyko działania dla ich dostawców. Koniec końców to na nich przenoszone są też problemy firm, które przestają sobie radzić” – zwraca uwagę Sławomir Grzelczak, prezes BIG InfoMonitor.
Najgorzej w transporcie
Według Euler Hermes, w ciągu 10 miesięcy 2020 r. w porównaniu z 2019 r., o połowę wzrosła liczba niewypłacalności firm usługowych, o niemal 40 proc. w transporcie, a 21 proc. w produkcji, gdzie coraz bardziej zauważalne są problemy sektora spożywczego.

Badanie zostało zrealizowane przez Maison&Partners metodą CAWI na panelu badawczym Ariadna w dniach 16 –23 grudnia 2020 r. Badanie wykonane przez Keralla Research w ramach projektu „Skaner MŚP” wykonane w październiku 2020 r.
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590 mln zł długów
Rosną zaległości płatnicze przedsiębiorstw w sektorze, do którego należą firmy IT.
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Znów jest gorzej z zatorami płatniczymi
Już blisko 37 proc. przedsiębiorców czeka na płatności od kontrahentów ponad 60 dni po terminie.
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Wojna obcięła obroty co piątej firmie
Aż 56 proc. polskich firm uważa, że wojna w Ukrainie i sankcje nałożone na Rosję i Białoruś negatywnie wpłyną na ich kondycję finansową.